Hello CNM!
Hope you’re having a great summer term.
Did you happen to see the story in the Albuquerque Journal that was headlined “Surprise! You Graduated!” on July 26? It reports on a developing degree-audit effort at CNM that identifies students who have completed all requirements for a degree or certificate and then automatically presents them with the graduation awards they have rightfully earned.
This is something I wish we would have started years ago. It’s a terrific effort – a win-win-win for students, our community and our economy. We all know our region and our state desperately need more college graduates to attract new economic activity, which improves the job prospects for our students and community members while improving the quality of life for all.
Unfortunately, there were a couple of implications made in the story that have caused confusion, which I want to clear up.
First, officially earning an associate degree does not affect a student’s financial aid status. Students are eligible to receive financial aid for 150 percent of the credit hours required to complete their program. For example, if a particular associate degree program requires 70 credit hours to complete, a student is eligible to receive financial aid for 105 credit hours. The Journal ran a correction on Tuesday.
Secondly, there was an unsubstantiated claim in the story that a student was awarded an associate degree without completing a required math course. CNM absolutely refutes the notion that any degree or certificate has been knowingly awarded without a student completing all requirements. The degree that is referenced in the story requires a math or biology class.
The Journal story fairly reported that a significant number of students were not notified that they had earned degrees or certificates early enough to participate in the spring graduation ceremony. This was an unfortunate lapse on our part and we have put plans in motion to make sure this doesn’t happen again. This is a pilot program and we will continue to improve it.
The awesome news is that this initiative helped us to award 4,182 associate degrees and certificates to students in the spring term, which set an all-time record at CNM for graduation awards in a term.
Students who have an associate degree or certificate on their résumé, whether they’re moving on to pursue a bachelor’s degree or not, are in a stronger position to compete for a job and land a higher salary. Our No. 1 job at CNM is to help our students succeed. Making it easier for them to receive the degrees and certificates they have rightfully earned is a no-brainer for me.
Up until now, students have had to voluntarily fill out graduation application paperwork in order to officially receive the associate degrees or certificates they have completed. For quite a while at CNM, we have known that many students do not bother with the process or they are unaware of it altogether. Many of them move on to a university or have already secured a job at the end of their time at CNM. But what if unforeseen life circumstances stop them from achieving that bachelor’s degree or they get laid off from that job? They should have the associate degree or certificate diploma in hand to fall back on – they earned it.
We don’t force students to apply to pass a course. When they earn a passing grade, it automatically goes on their transcript. Should graduation be any different?
Many colleges and universities around the country are in the midst of similar efforts. Here’s a link to a story in the Community College Times about it.
One of the most pressing issues of our time, both in New Mexico and across the country, is the need for more college graduates. Our economic future, and the future of younger generations, will hinge on the success of higher education. As the leading community college in New Mexico, we must continue to lead and do our best to advance this cause.
Before we discuss, I just want to express my great appreciation for all of the tremendous work that has been done by faculty and staff across CNM for the past several years to help more of our students graduate. Since 2008, the number of students graduating from CNM has increased 208 percent, from 2,188 in 2008-09 to 6,732 in 2012-13. Cheers to that!
So, what do you think of this new effort at CNM? Do you see any drawbacks? Or should it be full-steam ahead?
Blogging @ CNM 
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This particular handout will explain exactly
what literature reviews are and offer insights in to the form plus construction of literature testimonials in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences.
Introduction
OK. You’ve got отзывы to publish a materials review.
A person dust off the novel and a book associated with
poetry, settle down in your seat, and get ready to issue
the “thumbs up” or “thumbs down” when you leaf with the pages.
“Literature review” carried out. Right?
Wrong! The “literature” of a books review describes any variety of materials
on the topic, not necessarily the great fictional texts
of the world. “Literature” could be something from a group of government pamphlets on British colonial methods in Cameras
to scholarly articles within the treatment of the torn ACL.
And a evaluation does not necessarily mean that your viewer wants you to give your individual opinion upon whether or not a person liked these types
of sources.
Exactly what literature evaluation, then?
A literature review discusses published information in the particular subject
matter area, and sometimes details in a particular subject region within a specific time period.
The literature review can be simply a simple overview of the resources, but it generally has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis.
An overview is a summarize of the important information of the supply, but a synthesis is really a
re-organization, or a reshuffling, of the information. It may give a brand new interpretation of old
material or combine new with old interpretations. Or it may
trace the particular intellectual development of the industry, including major debates.
And depending on the situation, the literature review might evaluate the sources
and suggest the reader over the most important or
appropriate.
But how is a reading review different from an educational research document?
The main focus of an academic research paper is to develop a new debate, and a analysis
paper may contain a literature review among its parts.
In a analysis paper, you use the literature like a foundation so that
as support to get a new understanding that you contribute.
The focus of the literature evaluation, however , is to summarize plus synthesize the arguments plus ideas more without incorporating new
efforts.
Why do we write literature testimonials?
Literature testimonials provide you with a handy guide to a specific topic.
If you have limited time to conduct study, literature testimonials can give you an understanding or work as a stepping stone.
Regarding professionals, they may be useful reviews that keep them
up to date with what is present in the field. Intended for scholars, the depth plus breadth of the
literature review emphasizes the particular credibility of the writer in the or the girl field.
Literary works reviews also provide a solid
history for a analysis paper’s investigation. Comprehensive understanding of the materials of the field is essential to most research documents.
Who produces these things, anyway?
Literature reviews are written occasionally in the humanities,
but mostly in the sciences plus social sciences; in experiment and laboratory reports, these people constitute an area of
the papers. Sometimes a literature evaluation is written as a papers
in itself.
Let us get to this! What must i do before
writing the literature evaluation?
Clarify
In case your assignment is not very particular,
seek clarification from your trainer:
Roughly the number of sources in the event you include?
What types of sources (books, journal posts, websites)?
In case you summarize, synthesize, or judge your sources by discussing
a common theme or problem?
Should you evaluate your resources?
Should you offer subheadings and other background details, such as meanings and/or a history?
Find models
Look for other literature evaluations in your area appealing or in the discipline plus read them to get a sense of the types of
themes you might want to look for in your own research or ways to manage your final review.
You can just put the word “review” inside your search engine together with your other topic terms to get articles
of the type on the web or in an electronic database.
The bibliography or reference point section of
sources you’ve currently read may also be excellent
admittance points into the own study.
Narrow your topic
You can find hundreds or even thousands of content articles and
textbooks on most areas of study. The particular narrower your topic, the simpler it will
be to limit the number of sources you should read in order to get a good study of the
material. Your instructor will probably not really expect you to
read every thing that’s out there on the subject, but you’ll make your job easier if you
first restrict your scope.
And don’t forget to tap into your professor’s (or other professors’) knowledge in the field.
Ask your professor questions such as: “If you had to read just one book from your 70’s upon topic X, what would it be? ” Questions such as this help you to find and determine quickly one of the most seminal items in the field.
Think about whether your own sources are current
Several disciplines require that you make use of information that
is as present as possible. In the sciences, for instance, treatments pertaining to medical
troubles are constantly changing based on the latest
research. Information actually two years older could be obsolete.
However , if you are writing a review in the humanities,
history, or social sciences, a study of the great the novels may be what
exactly is needed, because what is important will be how points of
views have changed through the years or even within a certain time period.
Try out sorting by means of some other present bibliographies or literature reviews in the field to obtain a sense associated with what your own discipline needs.
You can also use this method to think about what
is currently of interest to scholars in this particular field and what is not.
Techniques for writing the literature review
Find a concentrate
A novels review, like a term papers, is usually organized around concepts, not the sources by themselves as an annotated bibliography will
be organized. This means that you will not simply list your sources plus go into fine detail about
each one of them, one at a time. No . In widely yet selectively inside your topic area, consider rather what designs or issues connect your own sources collectively.
Do they will present much more different options?
Is there an element of the field that is missing? How nicely do they
present the material is to do they represent it based on an appropriate concept?
Do they will reveal a trend during a call? A flaming debate?
Find out of these themes to focus the organization of your
review.
Construct a functional thesis declaration
Then use the focus you’ve found to construct a thesis statement.
Yes! Literature evaluations have thesis statements as well!
However , your own thesis statement will not always
argue for any position or even an opinion; rather it will argue for
a specific perspective for the material. A few sample thesis statements
for literature evaluations are the following:
The current development in treatment for congestive heart failure combines surgery and medicine.
More and more ethnic studies students are receiving popular press as a subject worthy
of educational consideration.
Discover our handout for more information in order
to construct thesis statements.
Consider organization
You have a focus, and you have narrowed this down to a thesis statement.
Now very best most effective way of presenting the info?
What are the most significant topics, subtopics, etc .,
that your review has to include? And what purchase should you present them?
Develop an organization for your review on both a global and
nearby level:
Very first, cover the basic categories
Much like most academic papers, materials reviews also must contain at least 3 basic elements:
an introduction or even background information section;
the body of the evaluation containing the particular discussion of sources;
and, finally, a conclusion and/or recommendations section to end the particular paper.
Introduction: Gives a quick idea of the main topic of the books review, such as the
central theme or company pattern.
Entire body: Contains your discussion of sources and is organized either
chronologically, thematically, or methodologically
(see below for more information upon each).
Conclusions/Recommendations: Discuss that which you have drawn from examining literature so far.
Where may the conversation proceed?
Organizing the body
Once you have the basic classes in place, then you must
consider how you will present the resources themselves inside
the body of your paper. Make an company method to concentrate this section even further.
To help you develop an overall company framework for the review, consider the following scenario and then three typical methods for organizing the particular
sources into a review:
You have decided to focus your novels review upon materials coping
with sperm whales. This is because you’ve just completed
reading Moby Dick, and also you wonder if that will whale’s portrayal is really actual.
You start with some articles about the physiology of sperm whales in the field of biology journals composed in the 1980’s.
But these content refer to several British natural studies carried out on whales in the early 18th centuries.
So you check those out. Then you look up a book composed in 1968
with information on how sperm whales have been pictured in other types of art, like in Alaskan poetry, in French artwork, or on whale bone fragments, as the whale hunters within the late 19th century used to do.
This makes you wonder about United states whaling methods during the
time described in Moby Dick, and that means you find a few academic articles published within the last five yrs on how accurately Herman Melville portrayed the particular whaling scene in his book.
Chronological
In case your review comes after the chronological method,
you could write about the materials above according to when they were released.
For instance, initial you would discuss the British biological research of the 18th century, after that about
Moby Dick, published in 1851, then the book on sperm whales consist
of art (1968), and finally the particular biology content (1980s) as well as the recent content articles on American whaling
from the 19th one hundred year. But there is certainly relatively
simply no continuity among subjects right here. And notice that even though the sources on sperm
whales in other art and American whaling are composed recently, they may be about some other subjects/objects
that were created a lot earlier. Therefore, the evaluation loses its chronological focus.
By distribution
Order your sources simply by publication chronology, then, only if
the order demonstrates a more important development.
For instance, you could order overview of literature upon biological research of sperm whales
if the progression uncovered a change in dissection practices of the experts
who composed and/or conducted the research.
By tendency
A better way to arrange the above sources chronologically is to examine the particular sources below another tendency, such
as the great whaling. Your review might have subsections according to eras in this period.
For instance, the review might analyze whaling from pre-1600-1699, 1700-1799, and 1800-1899.
Under this method, you would combine the System.Drawing.Bitmap on American whaling in the 19th hundred years with Moby Dick by itself in the 1800-1899 category, even though the authors
had written a century aside.
Thematic
Thematic reviews of literature are organized around a topic or
even issue, as opposed to the progression of your time.
However , development of time might still be a key point in a thematic review.
For example, the sperm whale review could concentrate on the
development of the harpoon to get whale searching.
While the research focuses on one particular topic, harpoon technology, it is going to
still be arranged chronologically. The only real difference here between the “chronological” and also a “thematic” technique is what can be emphasized the most:
the development of the harpoon or the harpoon technology.
But a lot more authentic thematic reviews tend to break away from chronological order.
For instance, a thematic overview of material upon sperm whales might look at how they
are usually portrayed because “evil” within cultural documents.
The subsections might include how they are personified,
how their amounts are exaggerated, and their behaviors misunderstood.
A review arranged in this manner would shift in between time periods
within each area according to the point made.
Methodological
A methodological approach varies from the two
above in that the concentrating factor generally does not have to perform with
the articles of the materials. Instead, it focuses on the particular “methods”
of the researcher or writer. For that sperm whale
project, a single methodological method would be to take a look at cultural distinctions
between the portrayal of whales in American, British, and French artwork.
Or the evaluation might focus on the economic impact of whaling on the
community. The methodological scope will impact either the particular types of
documents in the review or the method by which these paperwork are talked about.
Once you have decided on the organizational way for the body from the review, the sections you have to include in the
paper ought to be easy to determine. They should occur out of your company strategy.
In other words, a chronological review could have subsections for each vital time period.
A thematic review might have subtopics based on factors that relate to the particular theme or issue.
Occasionally, though, you might need to add additional
sections which are necessary for your study, but do not integrate the company strategy of
the body. That which sections a person include in your body is up to you.
Put in only what is necessary. Here are a few some
other sections you might like to consider:
Current Situation: Details necessary to understand the
topic or even focus of the literature evaluation.
History: The particular chronological progression of
the field, the books, or an idea that is essential to
understand the materials review, if the body of the literature evaluation is not currently a chronology.
Methods and Standards: The criteria you used to select the sources
in your literary works review or the way in which a person present
your details. For instance, you may explain that the review includes only peer-reviewed articles and journals.
Questions for Further Research: What queries about the
industry has the evaluation sparked? How will you further pursuit as a result of the review?
Begin composing
As soon as you’ve completed on a general pattern associated with organization, you’re ready to create each section. There are a few
guidelines you should follow during the creating stage as well.
Here is a trial paragraph from a literature evaluation about sexism and language to illuminate the following debate:
However , additional studies have demonstrated that even gender-neutral antecedents are
more likely to produce masculine images than feminine ones (Gastil, 1990).
Hamilton (1988) requested students to complete sentences that required these to
fill in pronouns that decided with gender-neutral antecedents like “writer, ” “pedestrian, ” and “persons. ” The particular students were asked
to explain any picture they had whenever writing the particular sentence.
Hamilton found that individuals imagined 3 or more.
3 guys to every woman within the masculine “generic” condition plus 1
. 5 men per woman within the unbiased problem.
Thus, whilst ambient sexism accounted for a few of the
masculine prejudice, sexist language amplified the result.
(Source: Erika Falk and Jordan Mills, “Why Sexist Language Affects Persuasion: The Role associated with Homophily, Meant Audience, plus Offense, ” Women and Language19: 2 .
Make use of evidence Без ответа
In the example above, the authors refer to a number of other sources when making their point.
A books review on this sense is just like any other educational research document.
Your interpretation of the accessible sources must be backed up
along with evidence to show that whatever you are saying will be valid.
Be selective
Select only the most significant points within each resource to emphasize
in the review. The type of info you choose to mention should relate directly to the review’s focus,
whether it is thematic, methodological, or even chronological.
Use quotes sparingly
Falk plus Mills do not use any direct quotes.
That is because the survey character of the reading review will not allow for in-depth discussion or even detailed estimates
from the textual content. Some short quotes here and
there are okay, though, in order to emphasize a point, or when what the writer said just cannot be rewritten in your own phrases.
Notice that Falk and Mills do quote certain terms that were termed
by the author, not really common information, or taken directly from the study.
But if you find yourself wanting to place
in more quotes, check with your own instructor.
Sum it up and synthesize отзывы
Remember to sum it up and synthesize your sources within every paragraph in addition to throughout the evaluation. The writers here
recapitulate important popular features of Hamilton’s research, but then synthesize it by rephrasing the particular study’s significance and pertaining it to their own function.
Keep your very own voice
While the literature review presents others’ ideas,
your voice (the writer’s) should remain front and
middle. Notice that Falk and Mills weave recommendations to other resources into their own text, however they still sustain their own tone of voice
by starting and ending the section with their personal ideas plus their own words.
The resources support what Falk and Mills are saying.
Use caution whenever paraphrasing Без ответа
When paraphrasing an origin that is not your own personal, be sure
to symbolize the author’s information or opinions accurately
and in your personal words. In the preceding example,
Falk and Mills possibly directly refer in the textual content to the
author of their source, such as Hamilton, or they provide ample mention in the
text when the tips they are talking about are not their very own, for example , Gastil’s.
For more information, please see the handout upon plagiarism.
Revise, revise, revise
Draft in hand? Now you are ready to revise. Spending lots of time revising is
a wise idea, because your major objective would
be to present the material, not really the
case. So check out over your own review once again to
make sure it follows the assignment and your outline.
Then, just like you would for many other academic forms
of creating, rewrite or even rework the language of your review so that you have presented your information in the the majority
of concise manner possible. Be sure to use terms familiar to your
audience; get rid of unnecessary lingo or slang. Finally, double check that you’ve documented your sources plus formatted the particular review appropriately for your self-discipline.
For tips on the revising and modifying process,
see our handouton revising breezes.
Works conferred with
We conferred with these works while writing the original edition of
this handout. This is not an extensive list of sources on the handout’s topic, and encourage you to definitely do your own personal research
to find the latest magazines on this topic.
Please tend not to use this list as a model for the structure of your own reference point list, as it may not suit the citation style you might be
using. To get guidance on format citations, make sure you see
the UNC Libraries quotation tutorial.
Original version
Anson, Chris Mirielle. and Robert A. Schwegler, The Longman Handbook pertaining to Writers and Readers.
Second edition. Ny: Longman, 2k.
Jones, Robert, Patrick Bizzaro, and Cynthia Selfe. The Harcourt Brace Guide to Creating in the
Disciplines. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1997.
Lamb, Sandra E. The way to Write This: A Complete Facts Everything You will Ever Write.
Berkeley, Calif.: Ten Velocity Press, 1998.
Rosen, Leonard J. and Laurence Behrens. The Allyn and Bacon Handbook.
4th edition. Birkenstock boston: Allyn plus Bacon, 2k.
Troyka, Lynn Quitman. Claire and Schuster Handbook intended for
Writers. Higher Saddle Riv, N. L.: Prentice Corridor, 2002.
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